Understanding GERD: What Causes Acid Reflux?

GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle that separates the stomach from the esophagus, weakens or relaxes at the wrong times. This allows stomach acid to escape into the esophagus, leading to discomfort and inflammation.

Several factors can contribute to GERD, including:

  • Obesity – Excess weight increases pressure on the stomach, making acid reflux more likely.
  • Hiatal Hernia – A condition where part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, disrupting normal digestion.
  • Dietary Triggers – Spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, citrus fruits, and fried foods can relax the LES and worsen symptoms.
  • Smoking & Alcohol Use – Both can weaken the LES and increase stomach acid production.
  • Large Meals & Late-Night Eating – Eating heavy meals before bedtime increases the risk of reflux.
  • Medications – Certain pain relievers, blood pressure medications, and muscle relaxants may contribute to GERD.

Signs & Symptoms: When to Seek Treatment

GERD symptoms can range from mild discomfort to chronic irritation that disrupts daily life. Common signs include:

  • Persistent heartburn – A burning sensation in the chest or throat, often after eating.
  • Acid regurgitation – A sour or bitter taste caused by stomach acid backing up into the throat.
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) – A sensation of food getting stuck in the esophagus.
  • Chronic cough or sore throat – Often mistaken for respiratory issues.
  • Hoarseness or voice changes – Caused by acid irritation affecting the vocal cords.
  • Disrupted sleep – Nighttime reflux can cause discomfort and frequent waking.

If GERD symptoms occur more than twice a week or interfere with daily activities, it is essential to seek medical evaluation and treatment.

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Diagnostic Testing: How GERD is Identified

At AZ Gastro Care, we use advanced diagnostic tools to assess GERD severity and determine the most effective treatment plan. Testing options include:

  • Endoscopy – A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the esophagus to check for inflammation, damage, or other abnormalities.
  • pH Monitoring – Measures acid levels in the esophagus over 24 hours to detect reflux episodes.
  • Esophageal Manometry – Evaluates the function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and esophageal muscles.
  • Imaging Tests – X-rays or barium swallow tests may be used to assess structural abnormalities.

Accurate diagnosis ensures that treatment is tailored to your specific condition and symptom severity.

Treatment Strategies: Managing GERD for Long-Term Relief

GERD management focuses on reducing acid reflux, relieving discomfort, and preventing esophageal damage. Treatment options include:

Lifestyle & Dietary Adjustments

  • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the stomach.
  • Identify and avoid trigger foods, such as caffeine, alcohol, fatty foods, and spicy dishes.
  • Eat smaller meals and avoid eating within three hours of bedtime.
  • Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake to strengthen LES function.
  • Sleep with your head elevated to prevent nighttime reflux.

Medications for GERD

  • Antacids – Provide fast relief by neutralizing stomach acid.
  • H2 Blockers – Reduce acid production to ease symptoms.
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) – Decrease acid production and help heal the esophagus.
  • Prokinetics – Improve stomach emptying to minimize reflux episodes.

Surgical Interventions

For severe cases of GERD that do not respond to other treatments, surgical procedures may be considered, such as:

  • Fundoplication – A minimally invasive surgery that reinforces the LES to prevent acid reflux.
  • LINX Procedure – A small ring of magnetic beads is placed around the esophagus to help prevent acid reflux while still allowing food to pass.
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Why Choose AZ Gastro Care for GERD Treatment?

At AZ Gastro Care, we provide expert diagnosis, advanced treatment options, and ongoing support to help patients manage GERD effectively. Our approach includes:

  • Comprehensive evaluations using state-of-the-art diagnostic tools.
  • Personalized treatment plans tailored to individual symptoms and health needs.
  • Long-term strategies to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

If you are struggling with chronic acid reflux, heartburn, or swallowing difficulties, don’t wait for symptoms to worsen. Schedule a consultation with AZ Gastro Care today to explore effective treatment options.

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